美国高等教育质量保障体系中的权力博弈：学术、国家、市场的三角关系变迁

Power Game in American Higher Education Quality Assurance System：The Transition of the Triangle Model of Academic Power, National Power and Market Power

在美国高等教育质量保障体系形成和发展的一百余年历史中，学术、国家、市场三股力量一直贯穿其中。基于三者之间同时存在着价值取向的对立性和实际活动中的不可分割性，学术——国家——市场之间三角制衡的模型得以构建。通过权力博弈的视角及不同时期三角制衡形态的变迁，可以发现政府与市场的力量对高等教育保障体系的影响随时间推移而不断加深，并逐渐走向联合。同时，影响大学质量的重心也逐渐从学术权威一端向政府和市场二者之间的方向发生位移。

Academic, national and market power have always coexisted in the history of a hundred-year development of the quality assurance system of higher education in the United States. In the process of the coexistence of the three powers whose value orientation is different but inseparable in actual activities, academic - national - market balance model has been build. In the perspective of the power game and the transition of the balance model, it can be found that, the influence of the powers of government and the market on American higher education assurance system deepen over time, and gradually the two powers joint together, while the core of the quality assurance system gradually moves from the academic end to the direction of the government and the market end.