民族政策推动下的俄罗斯民族教育发展及其政策特征

Russian Ethnic Education Development and Its Policy Characteristics Under the Promotion of Ethnic Policy

民族教育政策是多民族国家民族政策价值取向的具体表现，是妥善解决民族问题、发展民族教育、提高民族文化素质的重要手段。不同时期的民族政策直接影响着民族教育政策的变化和发展。苏联和俄罗斯时期的民族政策始终围绕着民族区域自治和民族文化自治政策而得以发展。在其推动下，俄罗斯的民族教育政策经历了从没有自主权的统一管理模式到扩大地方教育自主权、保护民族文化传统、体现民族教育优势、回归民族语言教学的发展过程。

Ethnic education policy in multi-ethnic country is embodied in value orientation of ethnic policy. It is the important means for finding proper solution to the problem of nationalities. Education policy is not only the means for developing ethnic education, but also has significant role in improving the ethnic cultural quality. Ethnic policy in different periods has direct influence on the change and development of ethnic education policy. Soviet Union and Russian new-era ethnic policy has always focused on the minorities' regional autonomy and cultural autonomy. Promoted by this policy, Russian ethnic education policy has experienced a developing process from non-autonomy unified administration mode to extended autonomy of regional education mode in order to preservation of ethnic traditional culture. It embodies the ethnic education advantages and returns back to the ethnic language teaching.