虚拟实验及其学习者可信度认知

The Learners Cognition and Credibility of Virtual Experiments

实验是人类认识和改造世界的重要手段和方法。面对传统教学实验室在远程教育中的局限性和虚拟实验的迅速发展，本文分析了教学中虚拟实验面临的诸多挑战，如用户难以获得身临其境的感受、交互不够自然真切等；从学习者对虚拟实验可信度要素的视角，提出了包含环境拟真度、用户体验度和操控可信度三个维度的虚拟实验用户可信度认知模型；从虚拟实验用户可信度水平的视角，提出了包含模拟性实验(Procedurebased)、探究性实验(Data-based)以及实证性实验(Reality-based)三个层次的虚拟实验PDR 层次模型，并用实例阐释了三个层次的实验类型。

Experiments are the important means of knowing and transforming the world. Taking into account the limitations of physical laboratory in distance education and the rapid development of virtual experiments, we analyze the challenges that virtual experiments faced in teaching and learning, such as the losing of immersive feelings for users and the lack of authenticity in interactions between users and virtual experiments. From the perspective of learner's perception on virtual experimentations, we propose the model of cognitive credibility, which includes three dimensions: the degree of environment fidelity, the degree of user experiences, and the degree of operation and control credibility. Afterwards, from the credibility degree of virtual experiment perspective, we propose the PDR hierarchical model of virtual experimentation, which included three hierarches of the procedure-based experimentation, data-based experimentation and reality-based experimentation. Finally, this article illustrate the typical examples of the three hierarches' experimentations.