学分银行构建的初步尝试——上海普通高校成人高等教育非学历证书认证研究

A First Step to Build the Academic Credit Bank: Recognition of Non-academic Certificate in Adult Higher Education

以学分为媒介实现各类教育互认和沟通的学分银行被认为是现阶段构建开放的终身教育制度的有效模式。本研究在对国内外学分银行建设已有经验调研的基础上，并结合上海普通高校成人高等教育的具体情况，尝试初步构建学分银行，即成人高等教育对非学历证书的认定。本研究首先对上海市29所高校成人高等教育非学历证书认证方面的情况进行了问卷调查，发现普通高校成人高等教育对可以替换学分(或课程)的非学历证书认证只是个别高校的行为，认证过程的科学性和程序化有待考量，社会影响也缺乏规模和力度。因此，2009年6月至2010年8月底，课题组先后选择15个试点专业，并成立相应的非学历证书认证专家组制定认证原则与程序。第一阶段最终共形成15个专业的非学历证书认定表，认证非学历证书近200余种，其中通过专家组认证的非学历证书共有183种。目前，研究成果已应用于上海普通高校成人高等教育的教学教务管理中，希望能有助于成人高等教育的改革与发展、降低社会平均教育成本和学习成本、提高学习者应用性与适应性学习的选择，乃至推进构建完备的终身教育体系。

With the fast development of distance education, it becomes urgent to establish a comprehensive lifelong education system in China. Credit bank, which is based on academic credit to achieve mutual recognition of different types of education, is recognized as an effective model for lifelong education system. This study focuses on non-degree certificates issued by higher educational institutions, which is the initial attempt to build an Academic Credit Bank. First, the study conducted a survey to investigate the recognition of non-degree certificates at 29 universities in Shanghai. The results indicate that only some universities allow adult higher education credits (or courses) to be replaced by non-degree certificates, and the recognition process and procedures lacked the validity and reliability. From June 2009 to the end of August 2010, 15 pilot programs were selected, and the related certified expert panels as well as certification principles and procedures were formed. Second, the recognition table of non-degree certificates for the 15 pilot programs was finished, which involve nearly 200 types of certificates and 183 certificates recognized by the expert panels. We hope that the research results can contribute to the reform and development of adult higher education, to the reduction of the average social costs of education and learning, more learning choices for the learners, even the building of the comprehensive system of lifelong education.