升学率驱动下的学校组织地位分化——以W县高中教育为例

Stratification of School Organizations Driven by Enrollment Rate: An Example of High School Education in County

本研究以一个基层县的高中教育运行为例，从关系的视角切入，对W县高中教育关键资源的配置机制进行了深描，结果发现，促进资源流动的两种机制为政府的强制性干预与市场，地方政府和重点中学在扩大学校间资源差距方面起到了至关重要的作用。地方政府通过强制性干预将优质教育资源集中导向重点中学，而重点中学在享有既定优势地位的基础上，利用其特殊的庇护地位进一步垄断优质教育资源。其结果是，高中教育资源的不均衡程度进一步扩大，学校的组织地位进一步分化，学校教育的不公平程度进一步加剧。

This study analyzes the mechanism of allocating essential high school education resources， taking the high school education in County W as an example. Results show that government intervention and market demand are the two key mechanisms underlie the flow of resources， and that the local government and key middle schools play a critical role in widening the gap of resources between schools. Local governments centralize high-quality education resources to key middle schools through mandatory intervention， and the key middle schools further monopolize high-quality recourses through enjoying advantageous position and special protection. Consequently， the imbalance of resource allocation is increased， the stratification of school organizations is intensified， and the education inequity is enlarged.