美国学术协会的功能及其对研究型大学的作用

American Academic Associations: Functions and Impacts on Research Universities

本文在回顾美国学术协会与研究型大学演进历程的基础上，分析了学术协会对研究型大学的作用和影响，包括确立研究导向、建立学科基础、设立学术期刊、推动学术交流等。研究认为，美国各种学术协会为推动美国学院和大学的转型，建立以研究为导向的大学提供了学科基础、学术规则和交流平台，是美国研究型大学兴起和发展的原发性推动力量之一。

This article reviews the evolution of American academic associations and research universities and analyzes the functions and impacts of American academic associations on research universities in aspects of determination of research directions， establishment of disciplines and scholarly journals， and promotion of academic exchanges， etc. Results of analyses show that American academic associations act as one of the original driving forces in promoting the transformation of universities and colleges by way of providing discipline foundations， academic norms， and exchange plat forms for research-oriented universities. Implications from American experience are discussed.