基于能力标准的德国教师教育改革

Innovation of Teacher Education in Germany Based on Competences-oriented Standard

自2004年12月德国文教部长联席会议颁布全联邦的教师教育标准以来，德国教师教育改革指向于研制能力标准，监控教师教育质量，变革教师培养模式，保障教师教育均衡发展。两个标准和一个决议成为德国教师教育改革的参照系和方向标。全联邦的教师教育标准明确了教师的角色以及承担的任务，并从教育科学角度提出教师能力指标;学科教师教育标准则为未来教师制定了一套在其专业发展中需培养的能力标准，以保障教师入职时即已达到一定的专业要求;关于学科专业要求的决议界定了教师学科专业能力的内涵，并针对各个师范专业方向的专业内容提出了框架性要求。

Since December 2004 in Germany KMK issued National Standard for Teacher Edcuation， The innovation of teacher edcuation has oriented on establishing standards for competences， monitoring quality of teacher education， changing models of teacher training， and ensuring harmonious development of teacher education. Both standards and one decision provdie teacher education with reference framework and develo;ment orientation. The national standard indicates teachers' roles and tasks and clears competences oriented standards for teacher. The standard for subject teacher describes professional competences which teachers should hold during their pre-service training. The decision on subject professiona requests illustrates the meaning and framework of subject professional competences based on subject contents.