加拿大魁北克省的教育革新：應對全球化挑戰的地方策略

Educational Innovation in Quebec, Canada: Local Strategies for Global Challenges

在全球化背景下，國際間教育體制的比較愈來愈受到重視。教育作為國家發展的基石，深入了解各國的教育模式對於提升教育品質和制定政策至關重要。以加拿大的教育體制為例，主要特色是地方分權，魁北克省作為加拿大的法語區，其教育系統具獨特性，特別是在保護法語文化與促進社會公平之間尋求平衡。2017年，魁北克省推出了《教育成功政策》（Policy on Educational Success: A Love of Learning, A Chance to Succeed），並在中等教育階段整合了「學術和職業指導內容」（Academic and Career Guidance Content, ACGC），幫助學生為未來的職業生涯做準備。魁北克省的教育策略強調學校、家庭和社區之間的合作，為學生提供全方位的學習經驗。本研究透過文獻回顧，蒐集了加拿大政府、加拿大統計局及魁北克省政府的公開資料，介紹加拿大的教育制度並回顧其在PISA 2018中的表現，以及魁北克省的教育制度及其《教育成功政策》和學術與職涯指導課程的內容。從加拿大教育體制與魁北克省的經驗中，本研究獲致三點結論：一、義務教育階段確保教育機構的整體品質提升，有助於國民素質的提高；二、加拿大政府基於聯邦轉移支付，確保公共教育的品質與均等；三、有效的資源投入與支持措施在實現教育公平中發揮關鍵作用。

In the context of globalization, increasing attention has been directed towards the comparative analysis of international education systems. Education is a fundamental pillar of national development, and gaining an in-depth understanding of various educational models is essential for enhancing educational quality and shaping effective policy frameworks. Canada’s education system is characterized by its decentralized structure. Quebec, as a francophone province, has a distinct education system that navigates the delicate balance between protecting French language and culture and promoting social equity. In 2017, Quebec introduced the Policy on Educational Success, which integrated Academic and Career Guidance Content (ACGC) into secondary education, designed to assist students in preparing for their future careers. Quebec’s education strategy emphasizes collaboration between schools, families, and communities, aiming to provide students with a holistic learning experience. This study undertakes a comprehensive literature review, drawing on publicly available data from the Canadian government, Statistics Canada, and the Quebec provincial government. It provides an overview of Canada’s education system, evaluates its performance in PISA 2018, and examines Quebec’s educational framework, particularly focusing on the 2017 Policy on Educational Success and its academic and career guidance components. Drawing from the Canadian education system and Quebec’s experiences, the study presents three key conclusions: First, Ensuring the overall quality of educational institutions during the compulsory education phase contributes significantly to the improvement of national competence and skills. Second, Provincial governments in Canada, supported by federal transfer payments, play a crucial role in maintaining both the quality and equity of public education. Third, Effective resource allocation and support measures are essential for promoting and achieving educational equity.