重負荷與高收縮速度訓練對青少年跆拳道選手活化後增能與活化後表現增強之影響

The effects of heavy load and high velocity resistance training on post-activation potentiation and post-activation performance enhancement in young Taekwondo athletes

目的：活化後增能 (Post-activation potentiation, PAP) 是指主要活動前進行高功率之肌肉收縮刺激，使肌肉收縮力急劇改善；並可能發生活化後表現增強 (Post-activation performance enhancement, PAPE) 使優化運動表現。然而以重負荷或高收縮速度的方式進行訓練皆屬高功率之訓練，故何者是促發PAP優勢方式並能有較佳PAPE尚待研究驗證。本研究的目的是比較跆拳道選手以重負荷半蹲舉 (Half squat, HS) 及高收縮速度蹲跳 (Squat jump, SJ) 促發PAP及PAPE之差異。方法：以12名曾獲全國賽前三名之男性青少年跆拳道選手為受試者 (年齡 = 16.2±1.1歲，身高 =173.1±4.1公分，體重 = 60.3±5.5公斤) 並隨機分配為二組，每組交替執行HS及SJ之訓練動作 (HS = 6 × 85% 1 RM，SJ = 6 × 30% 1 RM)，二種執行方式間隔 48 小時。受試者在HS或SJ執行前及執行後進行各依變項檢測，包括：最大自發性等長收縮之峰值力量 (Peak force, PF)、踢擊速度 (Kick speed, KS) 與力量 (Kick force, KF)、蹲踞跳高度 (Heigh of count movement jump, HCMJ)、15 公尺衝刺速度 (Velocity of 15m sprint, V15m) 。以相依樣本t檢定比較HS與SJ促發PAP及PAPE之差異。結果：執行HS與SJ後所測得之PF，均顯著高於前測 (p <.01)。執行HS後之KF、HCMJ、V15m顯著高於前測 (p <.01)；執行SJ後之所有依變項顯著高於前測 (p <.05)。HS 與 SJ促發PAP之增強率無顯著差異 (p >.05)。HS對KF之增強率顯著高於SJ (p<.01)，SJ 對HCMJ之增強率顯著高於HS (p <.01)。結論：重負荷與高收縮速度訓練均能促發PAP且二者間無顯著差異，且二種方式在促發PAP後均能優化PAPE；在PAPE效率比較上，重負荷訓練對增強踢擊力量有較高優勢，而高收縮速度訓練對HCMJ有較佳的增強效果。

 

Purpose: Post-activation potentiation (PAP) is a phenomenon which can improve force performance after a high-power output activity. the PAP mechanism could influence post-activation-performance enhancement (PAPE) to increase sporting performance. Heavy load training or high velocity training are both high-power output training method, but which method is better to induce PAP and enhance PAPE requires research to verifyremains unclear. This study aimed to analysis the effects of heavy load and high velocity resistance training on PAP and PAPE in young Taekwondo athletes. Methods: twelve young male Taekwondo athletes are were divided into two groups. Each group alternateds the training method of half squat and squat jump (HS = 6 × 85% 1 RM, SJ = 6 × 30% 1 RM). The interval between HS and SJ performedtraining was 48 hours. Ppeak force of maximum voluntary isometric contraction (PF), kick speed (KS), kick force (KF), heigh of counter movement jump height (HCMJH), velocity of 15m sprint (V15m) were tested to analyzeing PAP and PAPE. Data were analyzed by using Paired-Sample T-test to compare differences between HS and SJ. Results: After HS and SJ, PF was significantly higher than the pre-test. (p <.01). After HS performed, the KF, HCMJH and V15m were significantly higher than the pre-test (p<.01). All PAPE were improved significantly after SJ performed (p<.05). There was no significant difference in the enhancement rate of PAP between HS and SJ (p >.05). The enhancement rate of HS on KF was significantly higher than that of SJ (p <.01), and the enhancement rate of SJ on HCMJH was significantly higher than that of HS (p <.01). Conclusion: Both heavy load and high velocity training couldan induce PAP, and there was no significant difference between them. Heavy load training had a better rate of enhancement of kick force than high velocity training. High velocity training had a better rate of enhancement of CMJH than heavy load training.