步態模式與速度改變對不同坡度下身體質量中心與下肢運動學之影響

Effects of Gait Patterns and Speed Variation on Body Mass Center and Lower Limb Kinematics under Different Slope Conditions

目的 : 分別在平地、下坡與上坡運動情境中，探討與比較不同步態與速度對身體質量中心 (body’s center of mass, COM) 與下肢運動學參數之影響。方法 : 12位有規律運動的男性參與本實驗，第一階段為測定走跑之間的偏好轉換速度 (preferred transition speed, PTS)。第二階段分別在跑步機上模擬平地、10%下坡、10%上坡之情境下，進行不同步態模式 (走、跑) 與不同速度 (75%、100%、125% PTS) 之任務，並於過程中收集COM與慣用側下肢運動學參數。統計分析各種坡度 (平地、下坡、上坡) 下，走、跑與速度對步態參數、COM與下肢關節角度的變化。使用二因子重覆量數變異數分析不同步態模式 (走、跑) 與速度，若二因子交互作用達到顯著水準，進行相依樣本單純主要效果檢定，事後比較採用Tukey HSD法進行檢定，顯著水準α=.05。結果 : 走跑皆透過增加髖屈曲及踝蹠屈來增進移動速度，但跑步更多地使用膝伸直動作；走路使用髖屈曲與踝蹠屈來增加步長，COM垂直位移小於跑步 (p < .05)。上坡走路時會大幅地增加著地時的髖屈曲與膝屈曲角度 (p < .05)，但當步態轉換成跑步時，則會大幅減少著地時髖屈曲角度並增加離地時的膝伸直角度 (p < .05)。結論 : 走路主要透過髖與踝關節的調節來改變速度，而跑步則更多地透過膝關節的控制。為了因應坡度變化帶來的動作需求，步態模式會有相應的調整，上坡時有較大的變異性 (PTS較低)，會提早從走路轉換成跑步。

 

Purposes: This study aims to investigate and compare the effects of different gait and speed on the body’s center of mass (COM) and lower limb kinematic parameters in flat, downhill, and uphill exercise scenarios. Methods: Twelve regularly male participants who exercise regularly were involved in the experiment, which consisted of two phases: the first stage was to determine their preferred transition speed (PTS) between walking and running; the second stage involved performing tasks with different gait patterns (walking, running) and speeds (75%, 100%, 125% PTS) on a treadmill simulating flat, 10% downhill, and 10% uphill conditions., while collectingTheir COM and dominant lower limb kinematic parameters were collected during the two phases. Statistical analysis was conducted on the changes in gait parameters, COM, and lower limb joint angles under different slopes (flat, downhill, uphill), gait patterns (walking, running), and speed (75% PTS, 100% PTS, 125% PTS) conditions (75% PTS, 100% PTS, 125% PTS). A two-factor repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze different gait patterns (walking, running) and speeds. If a significant interaction effect was found, a dependent samples simple main effect test was conducted, with post-hoc comparisons using the Tukey HSD test (significance level: α=.05). Results: Both walking and running increased hip flexion and ankle plantar flexion to enhance movement speed, but running majorly used morerelied on knee extension; walking used more hip flexion and ankle plantar flexion to increase stride length, so the vertical displacement of the COM during walking was less than during running (p < .05). When walking uphill, there was a significant increase in hip and knee flexion angles at foot contact (p < .05), but when the gait changed to running, there was a significant decrease in hip flexion angle at foot contact and an increase in knee extension angle at take-off (p < .05). Conclusion: Walking mainly adjusts speed through the regulation of the hip and ankle joints, while running relies more on the control of the knee joint. In response to the movement demands brought about by changes in slope angle, gait patterns are adjusted accordingly. Uphill conditions exhibit greater variability (lower PTS), and to enhance movement efficiency, the transition from walking to running occurs earlier.