南山公墓的人文意涵

On the humanistic significance of Nanshan Cemetery

臺南南山公墓歷時近四百年，是臺灣最古老的公墓；面積近一百公頃，是臺灣幅員最廣闊的墓園；目前有四門明、清古墓，屬市定古蹟。南山公墓或逕稱南山，位於臺南臺地西南緣，有竹溪盤旋而過，遂侵蝕出許多地形崎嶇，一重山一重水，山水環抱的「風水寶地」。風水好，臺南許多人家，許多著名家族遂卜葬先人於南山。一座座墓塜訴說著一篇篇臺南史，南山不但是具體的墓葬博物館、府城的文化瑰寶，更是臺南學不可或缺的一頁。南山有諸多向度可以深入探討，但限於篇幅，本論文僅針對人文篇章來剖析。再則，先人長眠的南山，與陽居之地的府城城區，一陰一陽互相毗鄰，四百年來，先人、後人安居詳和，然而，近幾年來臺南市政卻亟欲開發南山，時值2024年沸沸揚揚舉辦「臺南400」的當下，南山的議題更值得深入探究。乃就方志，以及近人有關南山的著作等等文獻資料來析述南山的人文意涵。因為取諸前人的豐富資料，本文得能彰顯南山公墓的人文特色。

 

Tainan Nanshan Cemetery has a history of nearly 400 years and is the oldest cemetery in Taiwan. With an area of nearly 100 hectares, it is the largest cemetery in Taiwan. There are currently four ancient tombs from the Ming and Qing dynasties, which are designated as municipal historic sites. Nanshan Cemetery, also known as Nanshan, is located on the southwest edge of the Tainan Plateau. Bamboo Creek winds through it, which has eroded many "Feng Shui treasures" featuring rugged terrain surrounded by mountains and rivers. With good Feng Shui, many families in Tainan, including famous ones, bury their ancestors in Nanshan. Since each tomb tells the history of Tainan, Nanshan is not only an actual tomb museum and a cultural treasure of the city, but also an indispensable page in Tainan studies. Nanshan has many dimensions that can be discussed in depth, but due to space limitations, this paper will only analyze the humanities aspect of it. Furthermore, Nanshan, where the ancestors rest, and Fucheng City, where the living lives, have resided adjacent to each other in peace and harmony for four hundred years, but in recent years, the Tainan Municipal Government has been eager to develop it. The issue of Nanshan development, at a time when the 2024 "Tainan 400" celebrations are being held is even more worthy of exploration, so this work analyzes the humanistic connotations of Nanshan based on local chronicles and recent works on Nanshan. Because of the rich data collected from previous generations, this article can highlight the humanistic characteristics of Nanshan Cemetery.