不同層級大專羽毛球選手單打發球後準備接球動作之下肢肌電訊號分析

Lower limb muscle activities while waiting for shuttle return after serving in different levels of badminton players

目的：本研究分析不同層級水平之單打羽毛球選手發球後準備接球動作之下肢八條肌肉在準備階段和反應階段收縮程度之差異，以了解層級較高選手在下肢神經肌肉控制上的優勢。方法：以 10 名大專男子公開組平均年齡 20.3 ± 1.6 歲、身高 168.2 ± 6.4 公分、體重 63.1 ± 8.3 公斤及 11 名大專男子一般組平均年齡 21.8 ± 1.8 歲、身高 173.6 ± 7.0 公分、體重 69.2 ± 10.1 公斤，皆為羽球單打選手參與實驗。研究參與者以反手拍發短球 20 顆，接發球者皆為同一位選手，隨機將球回擊至四個不同位置，各 5 球，研究參與者再回擊至相對位置，本研究只針對每位參與者 5 次左前場放小球做分析。本研究運用無線肌電圖儀收取發球後準備接球動作之左、右腳股內側肌、半腱肌、脛前肌及內側腓腸肌收縮情形以及運用 JVC 高速攝影機進行影像分期。以獨立樣本 t 檢定比較兩組羽球選手在左前場放小球時準備階段和反應階段的時間，以及兩階段下肢八條肌群收縮的平均振幅和最大振幅的差異，顯著水準定為α = 0.05。結果：大專男子公開組羽球選手在準備時間 (0.25 ± 0.05 秒vs. 0.33 ± 0.05 秒，p = .001) 及反應時間 (0.30 ± 0.04 秒vs. 0.36 ± 0.04 秒，p = .002) 皆顯著小於大專男子一般組羽球選手；大專男子公開組羽球選手準備階段左腳之股內側肌、半腱肌、腓腸肌的平均振幅和最大振幅皆顯著大於男子一般組羽球選手，反應階段左腳脛前肌的平均振幅和右腳股內側肌最大振幅皆顯著小於男子一般組羽球選手。結論：相較於大專一般組選手，大專公開組選手發球後可以在時間較短的準備回擊球階段徵召更多的肌肉收縮準備第三拍回擊，因此可以在接發球者回擊球之後，不需如同一般組選手還要徵召更多的肌肉，即可在較短的時間回擊球。

 

Purpose: This study investigated eight lower limb muscle activities during the preparation and reaction phase while waiting for shuttle return after serving in different levels of badminton players in order to understand the advantages of lower limb muscle control in higher-level players. Methods: Ten elite (age: 20.3±1.6 years, height: 168.2±6.4 cm, weight: 63.1±8.3 kg) and 11 sub-elite (age: 21.8±1.8 years, height: 173.6±7.0 cm, weight: 69.2±10.1 kg) badminton singles players participated in this study. Each participant used the backhand stroke to serve 20 short balls. The same receiver randomly and evenly distributed the shuttle to one of the four designated positions (left and right side of the front and back court). The participant was asked to return the shuttle straight back to the opposite position of the receiver’s side. A wireless surface EMG system was used to collect muscle activities from eight lower limb muscles (the right and left vastus medialis (VM), semitendinosus (ST), tibialis anterior (TA), and gastrocnemius (GAS)). A JVC high-speed camera was synchronized with the EMG system to record these experiments for differentiating phases of the testing process. This study only analyzed the data while the participant trying to return the shuttle distributed to the left front court. Preparation time, reaction time, mean amplitude, and peak amplitude of each muscle contraction during the preparation and reaction phase were selected for data analysis. The differences of these data between elite and sub-elite badminton players were determined by independent t tests. Results: The preparation (0.25±0.05s vs.0.33±0.05s，p=.001) and reaction (0.30±0.04s vs.0.36±0.04s，p=.002) time for the elite group were significantly less than those for the sub-elite group. During the preparation phase, the mean amplitude of the left VM, left ST, and left GAS and the peak amplitude of the left VM, left ST, left TA, and left GAS in the elite group were significantly greater than those in the sub-elite group. During the reaction phase, the mean amplitude of the left TA and the peak amplitude of the right VM in the elite group were significantly smaller than those in the sub-elite group. Conclusion: Elite players exhibited shorter reaction time than the sub-elite players because they were able to recruit more muscle activities during the preparation phase. On the contrary, the sub-elite players require more time to recruit enough muscle activities for reaction.