以雙重系統理論檢視社會性風險決策的潛在群體差異

An Investigation of the Differences Between Latent Groups on Social Risky Decision-Making Through the Dual-System Theory

本研究從社會神經科學角度切入，主要目的在於：釐清在不同決策情境下，不同青少年群體在情緒與認知歷程的差異。本研究以269位八年級學生為對象，先進行潛在類別分析，區別偏差行為的潛在群體，再透過獨立樣本與相依樣本變異數分析，分別釐清不同青少年群體於情緒性與認知性決策歷程的差異情形。結果發現：一、在絕大部分的情況下，偏差青少年做出的決策較一般青少年更為冒險；二、在面對立即的分數回饋情境及立即與延宕的社會酬賞情境，偏差青少年較大的情緒反應是導致做出冒險決策最主要的原因，而非偏差青少年使用訊息做出理性決策能力較差；三、在面對延宕的分數回饋、偏差同儕出現時的立即與延宕分數回饋情況下，相較於一般青少年，較大的情緒反應再加上使用訊息做出理性決策的能力較差，是導致青少年做出較為冒險決策的主要原因。

This study started from the perspective of social neuroscience, the main purpose of this study is to clarify the group differences of adolescents on affective and cognitive processes under different decision-making conditions. Through the enrollment of 269 eighth graders and the implementation of latent class analysis was used to discriminate between latent groups for adolescents regarding deviant behaviors, and independent and dependent sample ANOVAs were used to analyze group differences in affective and deliberative decision-making processes, respectively, results showed: (1) In most of conditions, compared to normal adolescents, deviant adolescents make more risky decisions. (2) When facing the immediate score feedback and immediate and delayed social rewards, the greater affective reaction of deviant adolescents, compared to normal adolescents, was the main reason for risky decision-making rather than the worse deliberative decision-making ability of deviant adolescents. (3) When facing the condition with respect to delayed score feedback and immediate and delayed score feedback in the presence of deviant peers, greater affective reactions combined with using less information to make deliberative decisions was the main reason for deviant adolescents to make risky decisions.