親疏遠近之差：拒絕來源對於自我概念清晰度的影響

The Influence of Source of Rejection on Self-Concept Clarity

親密他人以及社會團體在自我概念的組成中扮演著重要的角色，人們亦藉由與他人的互動來維持清晰的自我感，本研究以三個研究檢驗社會拒絕與自我概念清晰度間的關聯，並預期不同的拒絕來源對於自我結構的穩定性會有不同的影響：當個體被重要他人拒絕時，會較陌生人的拒絕更會降低自我概念清晰度。研究一（n = 435）發現，比起陌生人拒絕組，控制組的受試者回憶被重要他人或重要團體拒絕時，會有較低的自我概念清晰度，而關係型相依自我構念可調節此效果。研究二（n = 295）則重複驗證研究一之發現，重要他人組的受試者之自我概念清晰度較陌生人拒絕組與控制組來得低，但拒絕敏感度不會調節此效果。研究三（n = 58）就長期追蹤資料發現，當個體在1年內回報愈多次被重要他人拒絕時，會導致個體自我概念清晰度降低。結合三個研究之結果，本研究認為，不論是何種拒絕來源，個體都會降低歸屬感滿足程度，但唯有被重要他人或社會團體拒絕時，會降低自我概念清晰度。在輔導諮商實務上，區分個體感受到的拒絕來源是重要的，當個體感受到被重要他人拒絕時，不只需要協助其情緒感受，亦需幫助個體維持清晰的自我概念。

Close relationships and identified groups play an important role in the construction and maintenance of the self. Through interaction with others, individuals could obtain a clear sense of who they are. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that social rejection results in self-concept confusion and rejections form important family/friends should damage self-concept clarity more than rejections form acquaintances/strangers. In study 1 (n = 435), participants were randomly assigned to recall a designated past event (rejected by important person, rejected by social group, rejected by acquaintances/strangers, or their commute route to work). Participants recalling rejections form important others and social groups reported lower self-concept clarity than those in acquaintance rejection and control conditions. Relational-interdependent self-construal is the moderator the relationship between source of rejection and self-concept clarity. Study 2 (n = 295) found that important person rejection decreased individuals’ self-concept clarity, but rejection sensitivity didn’t moderate this effect. In study 3, longitudinal methods (n = 58) was used and found that reported rejections by important family/friends, as opposed to by acquaintances, predict lower self-concept clarity. It is suggested that although all kinds of rejections hurt individuals’ belongingness, only the rejection by important others or social groups reduces self-concept clarity. In counselling practice, accurately identifying the source of an individual’s rejection is important. When an individual perceives rejection from important others, it is crucial to address not only their emotional experiences but also to support the maintenance of a clear and coherent self-concept.