60年的探索：建国以来我国大学生资助政策探析

60 Years’ Exploration in China: Analyzing the Financial Aid Policies for Undergraduates Since 1949

建国60年以来，政府对大学生的资助政策从免费加入人民助学金到奖学金为主，再到政府为主的多元资助体系，表明对大学生的资助政策正在日益完善。再资助对向上，贫困的资格逐步明确，准入的可能性大大增加；在资助内容上，一套多元的资助体系已经形成；在资助方式上，政府的投入逐渐加大，中央政府、地方政府、高校等各方的责任分担也日益清晰。这些政策及其变化反映了国家政策在公平与效率间的权衡，也反映了大学生资助政策的激励导向和对充足的追求。

In the past 60 years， the undergraduate financial aid policy evoluted from tuition free and People’ Grants to a multi-layered aid system. All these changes documented a great improvement in college student financial assistance over time. The qualifications for the needy students became clearer， and the possibility of being funded is increased. A financial aid system includes scholarships， loans， grants， tuition deduction， work-study program and green channel had been established while the central government delivered more money to needy students. The respective responsibilities among the central government， local governments and universities (colleges) are clearer. All these changes reflected the government’s positive attitude towards equity， efficiency， and fiscal adequacy.