向有差异的平等迈进--20世纪英国基础教育公平理念的嬗变

Towards a Differential Equality--The Evolution of the Equality Idea of Basic Education in England in the 20th century

教育公平是英国基础教育的一个重要问题。20世纪以来，对基础教育公平的诉求经历了一个曲折的历程：从消除阶级差异造成的教育机会和教育过程的不平等，到拋弃智力遗传决定论造成的教育资源分配的不平等，到促进更大社会流动的职业成就的平等，再到现今寻求消费权和公民权的平衡而迈向有差异的平等，这一演进过程是英国独特政治社会背景下不同利益群体相互斗争和协商的成果，也体现了英国教育公平理念嬗变的轨迹--向更符合人性的方向奋然前行。

Educational equity is an important issue in basic education in England. Since the 20th century， the demands of equity in basic education have experienced a tortuous journey: from eliminating the inequality created by class differences in educational opportunities and process， to abandoning the unequal distribution of educational resources caused by the intelligence of genetic determinism， and then to promoting a greater social mobility leading to equality of occupational achievement， till present it seeks the balance between consumer rights and citizen rights towards a differential equality. This is a historical progress and it is inevitable.