美国研究型大学学术职业的历史沿革及特点分析

An Analysis on the Evolution of Academic Profession in American Research Universities

本文从美国研究型大学学术职业的萌芽与初期发展、学术职业的形成和确立、学术职业的巩固与繁荣、学术职业的困境与新发展等几个方面，对其历史沿革进行梳理分析，说明了美国研究型大学学术职业的特点。

The essay focuses on tracking down the history of academic profession in the American research universities by dividing the evolution of academic profession into four stages: the emergence and early development of the academic profession， the forming and establishment of the profession， the consolidation and flourishing of the profession and the difficulty and new development of the profession. It also analyzes the characteristics of the academic profession.