网络测验和纸笔测验的测量不变性研究：以生活满意度量表为例

Examining the Measurement Invariance between Paper-and-Pencil and Internet-Administered Tests in China

以生活满意度量表为例，运用实证性因素分析，考察在中国文化下网络测验和传统纸笔测验之间的测量不变性。结果显示，网络测验和纸笔测验之间存在弱不变性，即网络测验和纸笔测验有着相同的测量单位；但网络测验和纸笔测验只存在部分的强不变性和部分的严格不变性，测验实施环境对结果的影响不可忽视。该研究表明，恰当设计的网络测验是可靠的，同时还提示，当一个测验在不同情境下运用时，检验测量不变性十分必要。

Concerns about the quality of internet-based tests have been brought by the increasing applications of such tests in psychological research. Over the past years， a large body of studies has been conducted to examine the equivalence of internet-administered tests to their paper-and-pencil counterparts. Although studies based on Classic Test Theory (CTT) showed that internet-administered tests were trustable， studies based on measurement invariance tests produced mixed findings. What is more， most