工作记忆中转换加工的内源性准备和外源性调节

The Endogenous Preparation and Exogenous Adjustment of Switching Process in Working Memory

考察工作记忆中转换加工的控制过程。采用“任务转换”范式，探究预知条件(实验一)和未预知条件(实验二)下的转换加工。结果发现：(1)任务重复与任务转换是两个不同的过程；无论是在预知条件还是未预知条件下都出现任务重复效应显著大于任务转换效应；(2)验证了转换加工包括内源性准备和外源性调节两个不同的加工过程，内源性准备只是任务设置重建的一部份；(3)对先后呈现的两个任务(任务1—任务2：任务重复或任务转换)在预知重复、预知转换和未预知条件下，任务2对任务1的影响不同，存在前瞻性记忆效应。由此推断转换加工的心理过程是：在预知情况下，任务1呈现后即启动内源性准备，直到任务2呈现时，通过外源性调节最终完成任务转换；而在未预知情况下，只能依赖外源性调节来实现。

Switching process is an important aspect of executive control. The process is presented as controlling switching course between two tasks which compete the same cognitive resources in working memory. The course of switching involves both endogenous preparation without an external stimulus and exogenous adjustment in response to the external stimulus. But what is the general way to deal with in formation is not clear.A “Task--switch” paradigm was used in this study to investigate the switching pr