刺激类型及表征关系对无意视盲的影响

The Effects of Stimulus Type and Consistency of Representation on Inattentional Blindness

通过考察刺激类型以及重叠呈现的图片流和词语流的表征关系对非注意刺激的捕获差异，试图考察刺激类型和表征关系对无意视盲(Inattentional Blindness)的影响。分别有20名中学生参加了词和图片基线水平测试，52名中学生参与了无意视盲实验。研究结果表明：(1) 当词与图片重叠重叠呈现时，不管注意刺激是词还是图片，也不管词与图片的表征是否一致，与基线水平相比，被试都出现了显著的无意视盲现象。(2) 当词与图片的表征意义一致时，如果注意刺激是图片，而非注意刺激是词，那么被试更容易察觉到非注意刺激。(3) 非注意刺激与注意刺激表征意义一致时更容易捕获观察者的注意。

The study of attentional capture has focused primarily on measuring the effect of an irrelevant stimulus on task performance， termed implicit attentional capture. In essence， these studies explore how well observers are able to ignore something that they expect but know to be irrelevant. By contrast， several new paradigms that explore the same issue have found unexpected objects often fail to capture attention， termed “inattentional blindness.” Many researchers are extremely interested in this f