中国人的群体参照记忆效应

Group-Reference Effect on Memory

在自我参照效应范式中加入参照认同群体加工任务，比较了中国被试在参照中国人和参照美国人进行记忆加工时的再认率及“记得”与“知道”判断的成绩。两项实验结果一致表明，参照中国人加工的再认成绩显著高于参照美国人，表明记忆加工的认同群体参照效应，而在“记得”与“知道”指标上并无差异；参照中国人加工的再认成绩和“记得”判断成绩显著低于自我参照加工。根据个体自我、关系自我和集体自我的分类方法，自我参照效应反映了个体自我对于记忆加工的影响，群体参照效应则主要反映了集体自我的影响。

Self creates and influences memory; memory also creates and influences self. The first part of this reciprocal relation has been repeatedly confirmed by studies on self-reference effect. These studies have showed that when material is processed in reference to the self， the corresponding memory performance is usually better than that for material processed in reference to others. Theoretically， however， what these previous studies have explored is the effect of just one part of the self (i.e. in