国外自我表露研究述评

A Brief Introduction of Self─disclosure Research in the Western

自我表露是社会心理学，临床咨询和治疗的重要概念之一。主要介绍了自我表露的概念，静态的现象或动态的过程；描述性与评价性自我表露或正向与负向自我表露类型；自我表露的功能；社会渗透理论、压抑理论、沟通隐私管理理论等相关理论及主要测量方法。早期研究主要集中在主题、目标人、性别差异及自我表露与孤独感、亲密友谊的关系等方面，AIDS╱HIV表露、儿童性侵犯表露、情绪表露和创伤表露等现实社会问题的表露成为近几年研究的焦点。扩展自我表露的概念，进一歩深入研究青少年自我表露以及完善和发展自我表露的研究工具是未来的研究趋向。

Self─disclosure is one of the most important concepts in social psychology and clinical counseling and therapy. This article sums up the self─disclosure researches on the conception， including static and dynamic opinion， and type， including descriptive and evaluative self─disclosure or positive and negative self─disclosure. Moreover， its functions， related theories such as social penetration， inhibition， communication privacy management and primary measurements are introduced. Early researches focus on the following aspects， such as subjects， target persons， gender difference， and the relationship between self─disclosure and loneliness or close relationship. Disclosures of ，AIDS╱HIV， child sexual abuses， emotions and traumas have become the research focuses in recent years. Expending the definition of self─disclosure， further study of adolescent self─disclosure and perfection of tools are the trends of research in this field.