论日本大学科研定位的[巴斯德象限]取向

On the orientation of Pasteur's Quadrant in the Scientific Research in Japanese Universities

科学研究的类型经历了分化与融合的发展过程，司托克斯（D. E. Stokes）的[象限理论]合理解释了20世纪中叶以来发达国家科学研究的发展形态。日本大学科研定位呈现出[巴斯德象限]（Pasteur's Quadrant）取向特点。日本社会经济发展的内在要求、政府和产业对大学科研经费的投入机制以及日本善于吸收和应用域外知识的文化传统等是形成这一取向的重要原因。日本大学科研定位的[巴斯德象限]取向为日本大学在[基础研究]与[应用研究]的两难处境中开辟了中间道路，使大学[名利双收]。

The type of scientific research has experienced the process of diversification and integration. Stokes' Quadrant Theory explains reasonably the development type of scientific research of the developed countries since the mid-20th century. The orientation of scientific research in Japanese Universities presents the feature of Pasteur's Quadrant. The internal requirement of the development of social economy， the investment mechanism of university's scientific research fee from government and industries and the cultural tradition of adept in absorbing external knowledge， etc. are the major reasons for the making of the orientation. Pasteur's Quadrant in scientific research in Japanese university paves the middle way for the dilemmatic situation between basic research and application research. This practice brings about both reputation and profit for Japanese university.