社会分层对高等教育公平影响的实证研究

An Empirical Study of the Effect of Social Stratification on Higher Education Equality

本文基于问卷调查所得数据，考察了社会分层对高等教育公平的影响。实证结果表明，优质高等教育机会的分配仍然向国家干部、企业经理等优势社会阶层的子女倾斜，社会分层扩大了高等教育的起点不公平；优势社会阶层子女在高等教育过程中处于有利地位，社会分层扩大了高等教育过程不公平，在重点本科院校中，过程不公平程度较大，而在一般本科和专科院校中，过程不公平程度较小；优势社会阶层子女更容易获得就业机会，社会分层对高等教育的结果公平有着不利影响，在重点本科院校中，这种影响较小，而在一般本科和专科院校中，这种影响较大。文章对此提出了相应的政策建议。

Based on survey data， this article studies the effect of social stratification on higher education equality. Empirical results show that as the high quality education opportunities are still titled to children from advantaged social strata， social stratification aggravates the starting─point inequality of higher education；As children from advantaged social starta are advantageous in the process of higher education， social stratification aggravates the process inequality of higher education， and the inequality degree of top university is greater， than that of ordinary university and junior college；As children from advantaged social strata are some likely to gain employment opportunities， social stratification has negative impact on the outcome equality of higher education， and this effect is smaller for top university than for ordinary university and junior college. The article concludes with some constructive policy recommendations.