清末《最新官話識字教科書》初編本與《澄衷蒙學堂字課圖說》異體字比較之析論

A Comparative Analysis of the First Edition of“Zui Xin Guan Hua Shi Zi Jiao Ke Shu”in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Variant Characters of“Cheng Zhong Meng Xue Tang Zi Ke Tu Shuo”

本文比較清末《最新官話識字教科書》（省稱《最新官話識字》）初編本與《澄衷蒙學堂字課圖說》（省稱《澄衷蒙字課》）之文字異體。《最新官話識字》與《澄衷蒙字課》之性質為識字教科書，其中所收錄之異體字，應為當時所通行使用之字，經比較二書所收正異體字有相當比例是吻合的，對於反映清末文字異體使用之情形，有參考之價值。且再與教育部《異體字字典》比較，與今常用字有所不同，由此可見文字使用習慣改變之軌跡。如「蝦」字本為蝦蟆之蝦，「鰕」為魚鰕之鰕，二書同以「鰕」為正，而今「鰕」字罕用，以「蝦」為魚蝦之常用字。藉由二書異體字之比較，可觀察清末至今文字異體之使用及變化，並可作為今日異體字修訂之參考。

This article compiles the variant characters listed in the preliminary edition of“Zui Xin Guan Hua Shi Zi Jiao Ke Shu”and compares it with the variant characters listed in“Cheng Zhong Meng Xue Tang Zi Ke Tu Shuo”.“Zui Xin Guan Hua Shi Zi Jiao Ke Shu”and“Cheng Zhong Meng Xue Tang Zi Ke Tu Shuo”are consistent with a considerable proportion of orthographic variants. It can be seen that among the characters used in daily life at that time, there was a relatively fixed habit of using orthographic variants. And although the two books have the same orthographic characters, they should have been more commonly used characters in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. However, after comparison with the Ministry of Education's“Dictionary of Variant Characters”, they are still different from the characters commonly used today. It can be seen that the usage habits of characters are constantly changing, a common phenomenon. By comparing the variant characters in the“Zui Xin Guan Hua Shi Zi Jiao Ke Shu”and“Cheng Zhong Meng Xue Tang Zi Ke Tu Shuo”, we can observe the use of variant characters in the late Qing Dynasty.