PhET模擬程式輔助教學成效之探究：以普通物理實驗──電磁學為例

The Effect of PhET Simulation Programs on Students’Learning Outcome in General Physics Experiment-Electromagnetism

在全球第四代工業革命（工業4.0）的背景下，國內產業發展極需具備半導體設計能力的優秀人才。為奠定此類人才的基礎能力，本研究旨在應用物理教育科技（Physics Education Technology, PhET）開發普物電磁學實驗模擬程式輔助教學，融入大一理工學院共同必修的「普通物理實驗-電磁學」課程，並探討學生之學習成效。此課程以創意互動教學（Technology-Enabled Active Learning, TEAL）模式的優勢環境為基礎，為七個電磁學實驗建構客製化模擬程式軟體，使學生能隨時隨地進行實驗之預習和複習，激發自主學習與探究實作精神，同時培養實驗及半導體產業所需之基本認知素養，以達到學用合一的目標。本研究兼採單組前後測及不等組前後測實驗設計，實驗組採PhET模擬程式輔助教學，對照組則採原有的創意互動教學。研究結果顯示，實驗組在教學後，「實驗設計與儀器操作能力」顯著提升；同時「普物電磁學基本現象及實驗原理理解」與「單元實驗操作能力」的表現也顯著優於對照組。因此，本研究建置的普物電磁學實驗PhET模擬程式輔助教學模組，能使學生由遠端自主練習電磁學相關實驗來驗證物理定律，提升學習效益。訪談結果也顯示學生十分肯定模擬程式輔助教學模組，並提供具體教學回饋意見。

Under the global context of the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0), there is a pressing need for highly skilled talent with semiconductor design capabilities to support domestic industrial development. To lay the foundational skills for such talent, the purposes of this study are to apply the PhET (Physics Education Technology) to develop simulation programs and to explore students’learning effectiveness in a compulsory General Physics Experiment-Electromagnetism course for freshmen in both colleges of Science and Engineering. This course is based on the advantageous environment of Technology-Enabled Active Learning (TEAL) and constructed customized simulation program for 7 individual electromagnetism experiments. These programs enable students to preview and review experiments anytime and anywhere. This approach strengthens students' abilities in self-directed learning, inquiry and practice, while cultivating the basic cognitive literacy required for experiments and the semiconductor industry so that they can put their learning to use and enhance their employability in the future. This study adopts a quasi-experimental method for both one-group and equivalent-group pretest-posttest design. The PhET simulation programs assisted instruction was implemented in the experimental group, and the control group applied the TEAL model. The results indicate that students in the experimental group improved in“experimental design and instrument operation ability”after teaching. Additionally the experimental group performed significantly better than the control group in“the basic phenomena and experimental principles of general physics electromagnetics”and“unit experiment operational ability”. Therefore, this study is successfully establishes the PhET simulation programs assisted instruction module for the General Physics Experiment- Electromagnetism course and allows students to practice electromagnetism experiments remotely, increasing the learning hours on experimental learning to verify physical laws and improve learning effectiveness. The results of interviews also show that students highly appreciate the simulation programs assisted instruction module and provide specific learning feedback.