以学术为业--美国博士生教育本质之争

Science as a Vocation─Discussion about the Nature of U.S. Doctoral Education

科学研究与教学和学习的结合是近代高等教育的重要特征之一，这一结合使博士生教育与科学研究建立起了历史的、必然的关联，并成为有志于学术研究的人的重要选择。但随着职业的分化以及学术劳动力市场的萎缩，博士学位作为大学教师“资格证”的传统正面临挑战，从而引发了关于博士生教育是继续保持以“学术为业”的传统，还是要与学生的短期职业目标以及更广泛的职业选择建立联系的本质之争。

The integration of scientific research， teaching， and learning is one of the most important characteristic of modern higher education. This integration also makes the historic connections between doctoral education and scientific research. Since then， doctoral education has become primary choice for those who devoted themselves to Science. With the vocational differentiation and shrink of academic labor market， however， the tradition of doctor degree as a