知識創造和人才培養：從《沒有止境的前沿》到《美國競爭法》

Knowledge Creation and Talent Cultivation: From the Endless Frontier to America Competes Act

[考察”通过创造知识培养人才”和”通过培养人才创造知识”两种不同的政策逻辑，梳理从《科学：没有止境的前沿》到《美国竞争法》颁布的60多年间美国知识和人才相关政策演化进成，展示了政策逻辑演化过程中社会因素的影响和社会系统本身的惯性，预示着可能引发美国科技和教育政策的新一轮向”人才培养”逻辑的转变和以人才为基础的经济时代的到来。

This paper begins with a discussion of the dichotomy between the policy logic called “talent cultivation by means of knowledge creation” and “knowledge creation by means of talent cultivation”. It then analyses the evolution of US policies related to knowledge and talents since the publication of Science: the Endless Frontier to the adoption of America Competes Act. Both the chanciness of the social factors and the inertia of the social system are emphasized. And the new act may well cause the transition to the “talent cultivation” in S&T policy and education policy， and usher into a new age of talent-base economy.