西方大学学术管理制度生成条件解析

Development Conditions of Academic Management System in Western Universities

本文以西方社会学术专业化及其特有的文化与技术的整合中心结构位点，从自组织的自然演进角度确立了四类学术管理模式：行会自治、法理自治、联邦分析、联合授权，进而通过对此四类学术管理模式之权力结构进行差异性分析，并且从中抽象出本研究的若干最基本的生成要素，即作为专业自律机制的学术职业、作为专业适应机制传统主义倾向、作为专业驱动机制的优先政策的博弈、作为专业整合机制的学术专业化，以此为基点，试图进一歩对培育学术管理制度特质及生长、发挥的基本条件进行解析探讨，以期对我国时期高教学术管理制度的重构有所裨益。

Based on the theme of academic professionalism and its distinctive function of cultural and technological integration， this article studies four types of academic management system from the perspective of natural development of self─organized institution in western society：guild autonomy， autonomy of law， confederation， and incorporation. By comparing the power structure of these systems， the study identifies four essentials for the development of academic management system：academic career as self─regulation， conservation for adjustment， gaming for preference policy for motivation， and academic professionalism for integration. Furthermore， the study explores the basic conditions to organize， expand and enrich academic management system with the purpose to promote reform in academic management in Chinese higher education.