高等教育哲学基础的拓展 ─ 以美国高等教育发展为例

Enriching the Foundation of Philosophy of Higher Education ─ A Study of the Development of American Higher Education

随着高等教育实践的深入和扩展，高等教育存在和发展的哲学基础也在不断拓展，强调高等教育”为知识而知识”、”为学术而学术”的认识论哲学，与强调”为国家政治服务”的政治晢论哲学仍然是当今高等教育存在的理论基础。与此同时，强调高等教育为”消费者服务”的资本论哲学给出了市场导向高等教育实践存在的理由。认识论、政治论和资本论哲学从不同侧面诠释了高等教育的存在基础。本文以美国高等教育发展的几个阶段为例，说明高等教育实践对高等教育哲学基础的拓展。

The philosophical foundation of higher education has been enriched as the higher education sector expands. Currently the theoretical underpinning of higher education are still， epistemologically， “knowledge for knowledge’s sake ” and “scholarship for scholarship’s sake” ， and ideologically， “to serve the nation and the authority”. At the same time， there has also emerged a market─based economic rational─for higher education “to serve the consumers”. The three rationales above represents the main raison d’etre of higher education. The article takes the history of American higher education to discuss how higher education activities have enriched the philosophical foundation of higher education.