問題解決的心理機制及其教學意義

The Psychological Mechanism of Problem Solution and Its Teaching Significance

問題解決是人類的一種基本學習活動，學生的問題解決過程是學生獲取知識的主要途徑。對問題解決的心理機制研究一直是心理學研究的熱點，從問題解決心理學研究的不同發展階段，反射出對問題解決本質認識的逐步深化。我們認為問題解決是在個體的信息加工與個體與環境的交互中完成的。而且，問題解決是非線性發展的，與問題的難度、主體的知識結構深度與複雜程度、策略的自動化程度等多種因素有關，完全按照一定的階段論去設計問題解決的模式，會使問題解決的研究陷於僵化，如能用融合與發展的觀點看待問題解決的心理機制，將有助於研究的深化。

The problem solution is a basic human learning activity， and students process of problem solution is a major approach to obtain knowledge. The study on psychological mechanism of problem solution has always been a focus of psychological studies since it can reflect a gradual deeper and deeper recognition of the essence of problem solution. The problem solution is completed through the individual’s information processing and in the interaction between individual and environment. Moreover， the problem solution is not linear. It is related to its degree of difficulty， subject’s depth and complexity of knowledge structure， and its tactical automatic degree.