世界主要国家和地区弱势儿童学前教育扶助政策研究

Study on Policies of Early Childhood Education Support to the Socially Disadvantaged Children in Main Countries and Regions in the World

为维护弱势儿童教育权利，推进学前教育公平和健康发展，世界主要国家和地区积极采取多种扶助政策保障弱势儿童享有平等的学前教育，并取得了显着效果。研究发现，国际弱势儿童学前教育扶助政策主要特点有：1。立法明确并保障弱势儿童享有平等的学前教育权利；2。强化政府扶助弱势儿童学前教育的主导责任；3。坚持公平导向的财政投入原则，优先扶助弱势儿童；4。以公办学前教育为主体确保弱势儿童获得有质量的学前教育；5。建立多种扶助制度，为弱势儿童提供免减和有资助的学前教育；6。依托国家专项行动计划优先发展弱势儿童学前教育。国际政策与经验对于我国制定和完善弱势儿童教育扶助政策，进而促进教育公平具有重要而有益的启示。

In order to ensure the rights of socially disadvantaged (SD) children and promote the equity in and sound development of early childhood education， the world's major countries and regions have actively implement various support policies to ensure SD children's equal right to early childhood education; and significant effects have been achieved. By analyzing these policies， the authors point out main features as following: (1) clarifying the equal right of early childhood education for SD children by legislation; (2) strengthening the leading responsibility of government in supporting early childhood education of SD children; (3) taking equity as the primary principle in the financial investment and giving priority to the support of SD children; (4) taking public early childhood education as the main body to ensure SD children's access to quality education; (5) establishing a variety of support systems to provide SD children with free and financially supported education; (6) making the development of early childhood education facing SD children as priority under the nation's special action plan. The international policies and experiences have significant and beneficial implications to the establishment and improvement of support policy of early childhood education， which thus promote education equity in China.