大学行政行为的司法审查：从特别权力关系到大学自治

The Judicial Review on Administrative Action of University：From the Special Power Relation to the University Autonomy

修正的特别权力关系理论虽然承认大学行政行为的可诉性，但司法审查范围有限，同时权力和学术是不相容的，权力论实际上背离了学术和教育的本质，因此，对大学行政行为进行司法监督的基点必须建立在学术权利的保护上，要以大学自治理论代替特别权力关系理论，大学自治实为法治，当然不能拒绝司法的全面审查，保护大学自治的关键是设置适当的审查标准来尊重大学的专业判断。

Although the modified theory of special power relation recognizes the litigable nature of administrative action of university， the scope of judicial review on administrative action of university is limited. At the same time， the theory of special power relation actually deviates from the essence of academics and education， as power and academics are incompatible. Therefore， the supervision system of the university administrative action must be based on the protection of academic power， and the theory of special power relation should be replaced by the theory of university autonomy. University autonomy is actually the rule of law， and thus it cannot refuse the comprehensive judicial review. The key to maintain the university autonomy is the establishment of the appropriate standard of review to respect professional judgment of university on academic affairs.