皇权下的师道尊严 ─ 中国古代经筵坐讲立讲之争

Teacher’s Dignity under the Imperial Power：The Debate on Teacher’s Sitting or Standing in Jingyan When Teaching in Ancient China

中国古代经延是为帝王研经读史而专设的御前讲席。御前讲席非常特别，”君””师”同席，”治统”与”道统”直接冲突，因此经筵中为帝王讲课经筵官是坐讲还是立讲，备受争议。尤其两宋时期，争论异常激烈。坐讲论者主张”尊师重道”，立讲论者强调”君尊臣卑”。历代帝王对此多采用折中态度，既得到了崇儒重道的名声，又得到了尊君卑臣的实惠。

Jingyan was the place set for emperors to study Jing and history in ancient China. The place is very special， for emperor and teacher staying here together， which means a conflict between imperial ruling and Confucian orthodox. Therefore， there was fierce debate about whether the teacher should sit or stand when teaching， especially in song Dynasty. Those who support sitting held that teachers and their work should be respected；while those who were favor of standing emphasized the idea that officials╱teachers were inferior to emperors. Most emperors in history made compromise between the two views. By doing this， they not only gain the reputation of honoring teachers and teaching， but also made the officials╱teachers inferior.