美国高校教师评价的变革及其动因研究

Faculty Evaluation of American Higher Education Institutions：Changes and Dynamics

美国高校教师评价在20世纪处在不断的变革中，不但在普遍接受的研究评价之外发展出了备受争议的教学评价和无关紧要的服务评价，而且教学评价更是从正式的简单描述发展为一套复杂的系统和制度，同时评价的政策、目的和作用也发生的变化。美国高校教师评价的这些变革一方面是美国高等教育与社会相互作用的结果，特别与社会对高等教育的财政支持和问责密切相关；一方面则深受美国高等教育的发展状况、学术职业、教师和学生的权力变化的影响。

Faculty evaluation of American higher education institutions has being under significant changes since 20th century. Not only the highly controversial teaching evaluation and the insignificant service evaluation were developed， noteworthily the teaching evaluation evolving from informal and simple descriptions to a complex and institutionalized system， but also the policies， goals and functions in the field have being under dramatic transformation. This is on one hand is attributed to the interaction of American higher institution and the society， especially the financial support and accountability need from the society；on the other hand is highly influenced by the development of American higher education， academic profession transformation and the undulations of the power of student and faculty.