康德论道德教育方法

Kant's Discourse on Methods of Moral Education

康德认为，纯粹德性是人类的本性，它要求出于义务来遵守，而且是趋向于善的唯一动机，因此是可教的。这就是对道德教育的方法如何可能的问题的回答。在此基础上，康德提出了他的道德教育方法：道德判断力的训练、敬重义务的训练、合道德性的道德教育程序的建构、伦理共同体的联合等。康德的这一思想，给我们进行道德教育以如下几个方面的启迪：注重道德教育方式本身的道德性，进行以德性为目的的榜样教育，发挥感性实践的重要作用，以自由和谐丰富集体主义道德原则的内涵，培育自由的道德人。

Kant considers that pure virtue is human's essentiality， which needs to be obeyed for obligation， and is the only motivation to be good， and thus it can be taught. It is an answer to how to make the methods of moral education possible， based on which Kant set forth his methods of moral education: the discipline of moral judgment and respect of obligation， the construction of moral education procedure and the unitization of ethical community etc.. Kant's thought has many implications on our moral education: we should pay attention to the moral nature of moral education mode， promoting model education with moral nature as its aim to give full play to the importance of sensible practice. We should enrich collectivism with freedom and harmony in order to cultivate free and moral person.