論我國廣設大學校院政策對高等教育人力投資之影響

The Influence of Expanding Universities on the Investment of Higher Education Human Resources

基於我國社會對接受高等教育的期待，故政府呼應民間團體1994年起發動410教改運動主張，始廣設大學校院，目前我國高等教育淨在學率已逾70%，成為普及教育。然而教改實施迄今已近30年載，其對於我國人力資源投資的影響為何，應值得檢視。基於此，本文將從人力資源理論出發，運用我國政府部門相關報告數據，併同對照OECD教育概覽（Education at a glance）資料進行比較，以檢討我國高教擴張政策的影響與效益，獲致以下研究結果：（一）我國及OECD國家高教經費占GDP比率均未因淨在學率提高而同等增加，然我國落差情況更鉅並致高教資源稀釋程度相對較高；（二）高教擴張之入學機會並未均衡加惠於社經地位不利學生，早期就學相對不利情況恐更難促進其日後社會流動；（三）相對於OECD國家，我國大學畢業失業率不僅高於其他教育階段，且薪資增幅亦逐年落後，大學文憑對初次就業的優勢有限。

In response to the society's expectation of accepting higher education, Taiwan began 410 education reform activities since 1994 and expanding universities. At present, the net enrollment rate of higher education in Taiwan has exceeded 70% and it has become universal access type education. However, the implementation of education reform has been nearly 30 years, and it’s worthwhile to examine the impact of its investment on human resources of higher education. Based on this, this paper will use the relevant report data of domestic government departments and ''OECD Education at a glance'' data to review the impact higher education expansion policy in Taiwan. Findings from this study lead to the following conclusions: (1) Bothe of the ratio of higher education funds to GDP in Taiwan and OECD have not risen as the increase in net enrollment rate of higher education. The gap in Taiwan is even greater and the dilution of higher education resources is relatively high; (2) Admission opportunities are still relatively favorable for those with high socioeconomic status, which may adversely affect the social mobility of low-socioeconomic-status students; (3)Compared with OECD countries, Taiwan‘s university graduate unemployment rate is not only higher than other education levels, but also the increase of salary is relatively fewer. The advantages of university diploma in labor market are quite limited.