女性戶外冒險教育指導員職涯發展歷程探究

A Study of Female Outdoor Adventure Education Instructors' Career Development

當前社會價值觀對戶外冒險教育與男性陽剛之刻板印象較為認同，女性指導員亦明顯少於男性，戶外冒險典範大師皆為男性，顯現戶外冒險教育性別化現象使得女性指導員充滿挑戰。因此，本研究旨探討生理性別與社會性別體制如何影響女性戶外冒險教育指導員的職涯發展，客觀聚焦於女性戶外冒險教育指導員的韌性，追尋她們如何回應與對抗社會性別體制，並探索她們如何在此領域中詮釋自身的生命意義。本研究採質性研究取向，共邀請三位女性戶外冒險教育指導員進行深度訪談。依訪談結果進行編碼分析得二主軸與7個主題：一、女性戶外冒險教育指導員的職涯探索，分為四個面向：（一）良師啟蒙與典範；（二）堅持工作與理念；（三）疾病反思與枯竭；（四）成長轉化與詮釋。二、生理與社會性別的體制影響，分為三個面向：（一）生理性別的美麗與哀愁；（二）社會性別的包容與期待；（三）戶外指導員的女力。本研究之結論可歸納為女性戶外冒險教育指導員職涯探索與性別影響之歷程，女性戶外指導員的職涯探索為受到良師的啟發，隨著受訓與工作會針對所面對的困難進行調適與發展自我概念；依此結果針對女性戶外冒險教育指導員職涯發展提出實務建議：一、覺察內在需求：因戶外冒險教育工作型態特性，恐長期處於巨大的潛在壓力而不自知，建議採取後設自我情緒認知管理，提升自我意識，並著重自我內在心理健康。二、性別框架限制仍存在，期許女性戶工作者突破與克服限制，能夠建立自我價值觀值與推動戶外冒險工作性別友善環境。

Purpose: Since the gendered phenomenon of outdoor adventure education instructors, the barrier of gender remained an issue in the field. The purpose of this study is to understand the career development of female outdoor adventure education instructors and explore the process of the role that sex and gender played. Methods: A qualitative approach was used in this study. We invited three female outdoor adventure education instructors to participate in the in-depth interviews. Results: First, the career development and experience of female outdoor adventure education instructors are divided into four aspects: (1) enlightened by mentor and model; (2) insisting the passion and beliefs for their career; (3) illness, reflection and exhaustion (4) growth, transformation and interpretation. Second, the role of sex and gender in the female outdoor adventure education instructor is divided into three aspects: (1) the impact of physical gender; (2) expectations and inclusions due to gender; (3) female autonomy. Conclusion: First, female outdoor adventure instructors would be under pressure without awareness due to the characters of outdoor adventure education. Therefore, the female outdoor adventure instructors have to evaluate and manage their mental health through a metacognitive strategy. Second, the gender restrictions still existing, we encourage that female outdoor adventure education instructors could overcome the restrictions and establish their own value, and then promote for a more gender-friendly career environment for outdoor adventure education.