從魏晉風流談士人的存在意識

On Literati's Existential Consciousness from Fengliu in the Wei-Jin Period

魏晉南北朝是個獨特輝煌的年代，也是最悲情的時代，身處在這政局極為黑暗、動盪時空下的士人，感於人命如蟻、生命無常，驚懼不安的痛苦讓他們得以思索並喚醒自我個體的存在意識，重新對生命的意義、價值展開探索與追求，以完成自我實現的想望。魏晉風流所蘊含的文化現象，正是魏晉士人在自我存在意識醒覺後，為了能真正活出自我、實現自我，而催生出來的一種現實生活寫照，雖華麗而唯美，浪漫而深情，卻也是令人動容的時代悲歌。本文試從時代背景、魏晉風流的內涵、審美及齊克果存在概念的角度來探討魏晉士人的存在意識，期以不同思維角度與視野，對魏晉士人生命情調進行的理解與發現，能帶給當代面臨社會文化轉型的知識份子一些領略及啟發，並得以尋到身心安頓的重心與方向。

Wei, Jin, Southern, and Northern Dynasties were an era not only splendid and unique but also sad and unfortunate. In the time of political darkness and social instability, the literati of this period could not help but feel that life was fragile and fleeting. However, it was also such terrifying affliction that allowed them to contemplate and awaken the existential consciousness of self, to restart their exploration and pursuit of the meaning and value of life, and therefore, to fulfill their longing for achieving self-actualization. This cultural phenomenon embedded in fengliu (cultivated urbanity) and fengdu (demeanor) of the Wei-Jin period presented exactly a real portrayal of life unfolded from the awakening of the Wei-Jin literati's existential consciousness and their attempt to live out and act out their own lives. This is the tragic destiny of the Wei-Jin literati-beautiful, impressive, romantic, sentimental, and touching. In this article, I would like to discuss literati's existential consciousness and understand their sentiment of life from an alternate perspective, that is, fengliu in the Wei-Jin period, hopefully to bring some reflection and insight for contemporary intellectuals facing transitions in culture and society so as for them to be able to find the directions and purposes of a peaceful body and mind.