偏遠地區學校發展與澳洲昆士蘭相關政策案例探討

School Development in Remote Areas and the Analysis of Relating Policies of Queensland State Government in Australia

在少子女化、都市化以及全球化的影響下，城鄉之間的教育和文化社會資本愈見落差，偏遠地區的教育品質及學生學習在此發展下更值得重視。本文先探討臺灣的少子女化和都市化現象和偏遠地區學校發展的關係，其次以澳洲昆士蘭州教育處針對偏遠地區學校教育的政策規劃進行分析。昆士蘭州教育處將偏鄉地區的教育行動方案分為學校和社區合作關係、學校課程、消弭落差、教學實踐、校長領導和學校效能等五大區塊，並以各種方案去增強學校和社區連結、提升學校課程競爭力、消除弱勢和原民學生的學習落差、培訓並留任優秀的偏鄉教師與行政主管。本文最後提出八項有關臺灣偏遠地區學校發展的政策思考與建議。

An emergent challenge of education in Taiwan is the decline of local students and the trend of urbanization. In the context of globalization, inequality of educational opportunities and the scarcity of social and cultural capital of schools in the remote areas of Taiwan is an important problem. This article firstly discusses the relationship between local student decline, urbanization, and the development of schools in the remote areas. Secondly, this article investigates relating policies of developing schools in the rural and remote areas that implemented by the state of Queensland in Australia and to generate implications for polices in Taiwan. The state of Queensland in Australia is the government that emphasizes school education in the rural and remote areas. Queensland divided action plans into five dimensions: collaboration between school and community, school curriculum, reduction of gap, teaching practice, principal leadership and school effectiveness. In the final section of this article, eight implications are made for school management and teaching and policies of education of remote areas of Taiwan.