自主需求滿足與主觀幸福感：自我與他人觀點的調節效果   免費試閱

A Study of Autonomy Satisfaction on Subjective Well-Being: Moderation by Own Versus Other Perspectives

過往研究發現許多與主觀幸福感相關的因素（如需求滿足），但較少研究探討這些因素與主觀幸福感的關聯是否受到其他因素的調節。本文針對年輕學子重視的自主需求，檢視其自主需求滿足增加主觀幸福感的程度是否受到不同觀點的調節效果。我們探討兩個觀點：重視自我感受、想法與期待的自我觀點及重視他人感受、想法與期待的他人觀點。我們假設當個體持自我觀點時，強調個人能自己做決定的自主需求滿足較能預測主觀幸福感；當個體持他人觀點時，自主需求滿足較未能增加主觀幸福感。研究一透過短文間接操弄人們所持觀點，此外於研究二加入需求滿足程度的操弄。結果發現相較於持他人觀點，持自我觀點時，自主需求滿足較能提升主觀幸福感的指標之一─情感幸福感（研究一、二）。我們於文中以認知歷程進一步說明：自主需求滿足如何受到所持觀點而不同程度地提升主觀幸福感。

Most past studies have investigated the associations between subjective well-being and its relevant factors, such as need satisfaction. However, little is known regarding whether the aforementioned associations may be moderated by some variables. We targeted a need emphasized by college students, autonomy, to investigate whether one’s perspective would moderate the effect of autonomy satisfaction on subjective well-being. We examined two perspectives: whether a person’s focus is on own feelings, thoughts, and expectations (own perspective) and whether a person’s focus is on other’s feelings, thoughts, and expectations (other perspective). We argued that when a person’s attention is directed to the self, the person’s autonomy level should determine one’s subjective well-being to a larger degree than when a person’s attention is directed to others. In Study 1, we used a short vignette to subtly manipulate participants’ perspective (own vs. other). In Study 2, we added another task in which participants’ autonomy levels were manipulated. Results from both studies largely supported our hypotheses. When a person adopts an “own perspective”, their levels of autonomy predicted their affective wellbeing, an indicator of subjective well-being, to a larger degree than when they adopted “other perspective” (Studies 1 & 2). Our evidences are consistent with a cognitive explanation for the perspective’s moderation effect of autonomy on subjective wellbeing; we further discussed the implications of such moderation in the text.