團體治療研究有何新意？創新與未來方向

What’s New in Group Therapy Research? Innovations and Future Directions

多數團體治療研究運用分析法來檢視個別團體成員的歷程和結果，然而卻忽略其他成員與團體的情境脈絡。最近，新式的分析法被運用在團體治療資料中，讓研究者能脫離傳統的分析法，並能用來評估歷程和結果變項間複雜且細微的概念與統計差異。特別是，運用Kashy和Kenny（2000）的主角－夥伴互賴模式（Actor-Partner Interdependence Model, APIM）來分析團體資料，可以讓研究者檢視其他團體成員對個別團體成員的治療效果（例如主角－夥伴效果）。此外，應用Curran 和Bauer（2011）提出的方法，將長期性團體資料分割為成員內和成員間的資料，研究者可以檢視團體間、團體成員間、和團體成員內的效果。本文描述分析團體治療資料的兩種分析模式，並回顧與這二種分析方法相關實證研究的實例。最後討論團體研究的未來方向。

The majority of group therapy research has used analytic methods in order to examine individual group member processes and outcome with a lack of attention to the other group members and the context of the group environment. Recently, analytic methods have been applied to group therapy data that allow researchers to move beyond traditional analyses and assess conceptually and statistically complex and nuanced relationships of process and outcome variables. Specifically, the application of Kashy and Kenny’s (2000) Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) to group data allows researchers to examine the effect of the other group members on an individual group member (i.e., actor-partner effect). Additionally, applying Curran and Bauer's (2011) process of disaggregating longitudinal data into within-person and between-person components to group data allows group researchers to examine between-group, between-group member, and within-group member effects. The application of both analytic models to group therapy data is illustrated and examples of empirical studies that use each of these analytical methods are reviewed. Future directions in group therapy research are discussed.