主体共治，校本管理：英国基础教育治理模式探析

Co-governance and School-based Management： The Governance Model of Basic Education in the United Kingdom

The concept of governance emerged when the traditional hierarchical bureaucracy and market failed， indicating a new management pattern through which government，market， civil society and organizations share common responsibility and power over common problems they face. The transformation from management to governance was achieved by the change of government regulation model from input control to output control. In the United Kingdom，the government devolved decision over finance and personnel to schools in the name of autonomy， while tightened control over output by accountability. Yet，due to overemphasis on accountability，the so- called autonomy was only limited to the operational decision over resources，while decision over professional affairs was centralized by the government，which led to the commercialization of school management.The effective implementation of governance needs a newconcept of education，which requires the government，market， civil society and schools to share common responsibility and power over education， form a community by interactive learning， and create a well- organized governance environment by various supporting functional systems.