走向智慧教育观的新境界:怀特海智慧教育观的审视与超越

Towards a New Vision: Beyond Whitehead’s Theory of Wisdom Education

怀特海率先张扬的孕育于古希腊的智慧教育观，颠覆了现代知识教育观的统治地位，构成了智慧教育观迄今仍被奉为圭臬的经典形态。该智慧教育观尽管以其对教育目的深刻洞察、对知识教育向智慧教育转化必要性的透彻分析、对智慧教育运用知识方法的精辟揭示、对智慧教育同生活整体内在统一性的精当提炼、对智慧教育节奏和周期的勾勒等内容，对教育哲学和与教育实践产生了深刻影响，但却存在着智慧观缺乏彻底性、知识观基础缺乏批判性、德性取向缺场、超主体性意识欠发育等诸多仍被学界所盲视的缺陷。使其由唯主体性取向向主体性取向与超主体性取向相融通的综合取向提升、由直接运用知识取向向基于健全图式运用知识取向演进、由认识论能力论取向向生存状态论取向演进、知识观基础由前批判性取向向批判性取向转变、智慧观基础由非批判性形态向批判性形态提升、德性属性由德性取向缺场向德性取向在场转变等改进举措，能有效消解其上述缺陷，有助于当下学界关于智慧教育观的认知提升到新的境界。

Whitehead’s theory of wisdom education emerged from the ancient Greek civilization． It first overthrew the dominant theory of knowledge education and had a great impact on wisdom education and educational practice． However，Whitehead’s wisdom education is limited by its lack of holistic and critic perspective， moral orientation and super-subjectivity consciousness． Therefore，it’s essential to explore an improved theory wisdom education． This article argues that the theory of wisdom education needs to develop towards a new vision．