民国早期中小学新教学方法实验及其启示

The experiment and Enlightenment on teaching methods of elementary school and secondary school in the Early Republic of China

民国早期，针对五段教授法机械灌输、呆板的弊端与问题，自学辅导法、分团教学法、设计教学 法、道尔顿制等国外教学方法先后被介绍到国内并在一些中小学开展实验，在当时基础教育界掀起了一股改革、 实验新教学方法的热潮。民国早期中小学新式教学方法的输入与实验是近现代中国教学改革探索的重要组成部 分，它不仅推动了当时新旧教育的更替与中西教育的融合，促进了当时教育界教学观念的更新，而且为后来国 人教学“本土化”的探索提供了历史契机、素材和经验，对当前我国中小学教学改革仍有重要的启示意义。

During the Early Republic of China，with some foreign teaching methods such as Supervised study，Group teaching，Project method and Dolton plan being introduced and carried out in a number of elementary school and secondary schools，there is an upsurge of reforming and testing new teaching methods considering the disadvantages and problems of Machinery indoctrination and inflexibility existed in five lesson steps. The introduction and experiment of new teaching methods in elementary school and secondary school during the Early Republic of China are important part of exploring teaching reform in modern China. On the one hand，it has promoted the alternation of new and old education，the combination of Chinese and Western education. On the other hand，it has boosted concept renewal in education circle at the time. More importantly，it has provided a historic opportunity，aterial and experience for the subsequent Chinese to explore teaching ＂localization＂，and there is still an important enlightening value in our present teaching reform in elementary school and secondary school.