漢語結果補語語義結構習得研究

A Study on L2 Acquisition of Semantic Structures of Chinese Resultatives

漢語結果補語結構有「得」字句和動結式兩種，包含分別由「得」和無語音形式的中心語構成的功能語類FP，結果補語結構中的主語、賓語、行為謂詞和結果謂詞構成了複雜的語義關係。本文採用句義理解測試手段，考察母語為英語和日語的學習者對漢語結果補語語義結構的習得情況，探討句法習得與語義習得是否同步的問題。研究發現，語義結構習得滯後於句法結構習得，辭彙、句式相似性、FP中心語顯現性和一語遷移是制約語義習得的主要因素。

Chinese resultatives which include the DE structure and resultative verb compounds (RVC) contain a functional category FP, and the subject, object, activity predicate and result predicate in these constructions form a variety of semantic relations. The present paper, through a comprehension test, studies acquisition of semantic structures of Chinese resultatives by native English speakers and Japanese speakers and finds that there is discrepancy between acquisition of syntactic structure and acquisition of semantic structure. It is suggested that lexicon, intra- and inter-language similarities, explicitness of the head of FP and L1 transfer may be factors that constrain acquisition of semantic structures.