環境染色、輸出對應理論，以及國語的零聲母

Contextual Coloring%2C OO-Correspondence%2C and the Zero Onset in Chinese Mandarin

本文以優選論(Optimality Theory)來分析國語零聲母的音質呈現方式，結果顯示優選理論非常成功地解釋了零聲母的行為。分析的過程中應用了環境染色(contextual coloring)與輸出對應理論(Output-to-Output Correspondence Theory)，也制定出相關的制約及層級排序，並得出下列重點：(a)零聲母在表層會有音質是因為高層級的Onset制約所造成的；(b)非高元音的零聲母會趨向於無標音，至於確切的音質選擇則屬於自由變體；(c)高元音的零聲母受到環境結構制約(contextual markedness constraint)的影響，故以相對應的滑音出現；(d)零聲母的一般音節與輕音節裡呈現不同的行為，是因為高層級的輸出對應制約(output-to-output correspondence constraint)的影響。另外，我們也得出控制零聲母音質的制約排序基模(constraint ranking schema)：輸出對應制約》環境結構制約》自由環構制約(OO-Identity'contextual markedness'context-free markedness)。

This paper examines the realization and behavior of the zero onset in Mandarin in Optimality Theory (OT; Paul ＆ Smolensky 1993) and the results show that OT successfully account for the rather complicated behavior of the zero onset. Important findings include: (a) The realization of the zero onset in surface is due to the high-ranked constraint Onset; (b) the zero onset of non-high vowels tend to surface as unmarked segments, the choice of which is a matter of free variation; (c) the zero onset of high vowels, under the influence of contextual markedness constraints, surfaces as corresponding glides; and (d) the asymmetrical behavior of the zero onset in stressed syllable and in unstressed syllable results from high-ranked output-to-output correspondence constraints. Moreover, we conclude from the analyses that the realization of the zero onset in Mandarin involves this constraint ranking schema: OO-Identity ' contextual markedness ' context-free markedness.