新管理主主義改革進程中西方學術職業的變革與堅守

A Study on the Changes and the Persistence of the Western Academic Profession under the Process of New Managerialism Reform

本文重点分析新管理主义改革在学术职业领域所引发的变革。作者认为改革使得学术身份处于重新锻造且冲突动荡的过程；学术职业群体内部分层加剧，且出现了管理阶层；学术人员丧失专业特权且面临权力再分配；学术科研体现出科研坪估绩效化和科研活动商业化的明显趋势；学术劳动力市场的内部管制性明显增强，外部竞争性加剧；最后，在由外界赋予的传统学术自由大幅度减少的同时，学术人员也在主动争取新的学术自由。

The authors analyze the impacts of the new managerialism reform on academic profession. The authors regard that the reform has the following impacts on academic profession: academic identity has undergone a re-forging process and has become more unstable and conflicting; academic professionals have become more diversified and a managerial-class has thus evolved; academics have been losing their traditional professional privileges while academic power has been redistributed at the same time; academic research has displayed a stronger tendency of pe1formance-based evaluation and academic entrepreneurialism; academic internal labor market has been more regulated and that the external one， more competitive. Finally， traditional academic freedom by its nature has been greatly reduced and in the meanwhile the academics have learned to strive actively for academic freedom.