合乎正义的道德教育：利他、利己抑或互惠？

What is Moral Education in Line with Justice: Altruism，Egoism or Reciprocity？

社会生活中的道德安排需要符合正义的原则，道德教育也应该建基于正义之上，在道德权利与道德义务之间、在利己与利他之间实现一种平衡。当前道德教育低效的一个重要原因就是忽视了这一基础，过于关注利他性的道德义务而较少关注利己性的道德权利。道德教育陷入道德理想主义之中，以高标准的道德理想代替底线的道德要求。合乎正义的道德教育首先应该承认利己的合理性；其次，要守住道德边界，不能侵犯个体的正当权利；再次，善有善报，德福一致而不能让“好人”吃亏；最后，多元道德主体间需要有一种宽容精神，为“他者”留出道德生活空间。

The moral arrangement in social life needs to accord with the principles of iustice . Moral education should be based on iustice and achieve a balance between moral right and moral duty，and egoism and altruism . One important reason for moral education inefticiency is that it ignores the basis， overemphasizing the moral duty of altruism and with little attention paid on the moral right of egoism . Moral education embodies strong idealism characteristics and replaces bottom-line moral requirements with high- standard moral ideal. Moral education in line with iustice should first recognize the rationality of self-interest. Second，it does not infringe the rights of others. Third，it encourages people to do good to return. Good moral deserves happiness and ^good people” should get what they deserve . Finally，it advocates the spirit of tolerance between multiple subjects，leaving moral life space for others.