相对评价、增值评价与课堂观察评价的融合———美国教师评价的新趋势

A New Trend in Teacher Evaluation: Combination of Achievement Measure，Growth Measure and Observation Measure

目前我国中小学中实施的将考试成绩与教师业绩挂钩、以学校的中高考成绩、学校升学率等作为评价教师、学校效能的方法，给教师施加了巨大压力，不利于教师专业发展，也不利于教师身心健康。本文首先梳理了美国教师评价演变历程，其次分析了美国田纳西州教师教学有效性的全面评价模式，并指出这种评价模式对我国教师评价改革的几点启示。

Currently，the student academic outcome based teacher evaluation system causes much pressure on teachers. It is neither beneficial for teacher professional development nor their mental and physical health. This paper first briefly introduces the evolution of teacher evaluation system in the United States，and then analyzes the newly implemented teacher evaluation system in Tennessee，followed by policy implications for teacher evaluation system reform in China.